Web cookies (also called HTTP cookies, browser cookies, or simply cookies) are small pieces of data that websites store on your device (computer, phone, etc.) through your web browser. They are used to remember information about you and your interactions with the site.
Purpose of Cookies:
Session Management:
Keeping you logged in
Remembering items in a shopping cart
Saving language or theme preferences
Personalization:
Tailoring content or ads based on your previous activity
Tracking & Analytics:
Monitoring browsing behavior for analytics or marketing purposes
Types of Cookies:
Session Cookies:
Temporary; deleted when you close your browser
Used for things like keeping you logged in during a single session
Persistent Cookies:
Stored on your device until they expire or are manually deleted
Used for remembering login credentials, settings, etc.
First-Party Cookies:
Set by the website you're visiting directly
Third-Party Cookies:
Set by other domains (usually advertisers) embedded in the website
Commonly used for tracking across multiple sites
Authentication cookies are a special type of web cookie used to identify and verify a user after they log in to a website or web application.
What They Do:
Once you log in to a site, the server creates an authentication cookie and sends it to your browser. This cookie:
Proves to the website that you're logged in
Prevents you from having to log in again on every page you visit
Can persist across sessions if you select "Remember me"
What's Inside an Authentication Cookie?
Typically, it contains:
A unique session ID (not your actual password)
Optional metadata (e.g., expiration time, security flags)
Analytics cookies are cookies used to collect data about how visitors interact with a website. Their primary purpose is to help website owners understand and improve user experience by analyzing things like:
How users navigate the site
Which pages are most/least visited
How long users stay on each page
What device, browser, or location the user is from
What They Track:
Some examples of data analytics cookies may collect:
Page views and time spent on pages
Click paths (how users move from page to page)
Bounce rate (users who leave without interacting)
User demographics (location, language, device)
Referring websites (how users arrived at the site)
Here’s how you can disable cookies in common browsers:
1. Google Chrome
Open Chrome and click the three vertical dots in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies and other site data.
Choose your preferred option:
Block all cookies (not recommended, can break most websites).
Block third-party cookies (can block ads and tracking cookies).
2. Mozilla Firefox
Open Firefox and click the three horizontal lines in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy & Security.
Under the Enhanced Tracking Protection section, choose Strict to block most cookies or Custom to manually choose which cookies to block.
3. Safari
Open Safari and click Safari in the top-left corner of the screen.
Go to Preferences > Privacy.
Check Block all cookies to stop all cookies, or select options to block third-party cookies.
4. Microsoft Edge
Open Edge and click the three horizontal dots in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy, search, and services > Cookies and site permissions.
Select your cookie settings from there, including blocking all cookies or blocking third-party cookies.
5. On Mobile (iOS/Android)
For Safari on iOS: Go to Settings > Safari > Privacy & Security > Block All Cookies.
For Chrome on Android: Open the app, tap the three dots, go to Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies.
Be Aware:
Disabling cookies can make your online experience more difficult. Some websites may not load properly, or you may be logged out frequently. Also, certain features may not work as expected.
On May 29, 1952, during the 2nd Session of the 82nd Congress, Popular Democratic party Resident Commissioner Antonio Fernós-Isern of Puerto Rico (PPD-PR) introduced H.J.Res. 430 in the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. S.J.Res. 151 accompanied this bill in the Senate. The resolution sought the approval of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
Public Law 82-447 was enacted on July 3, 1952, during the 2nd Session of the 82nd Congress. Public Law 82-447 authorized the approval of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The Commonwealth Constitution did not change Puerto Rico’s constitutional status. Puerto Rico remained an unincorporated territory.
On May 7, 1959, during the 1st Session of the 86th Congress, Democrat Representative Victor L’Episcopo Anfuso of New York (D-NY) introduced H.R. 7003 in the House from the Committee of Interior and Insular Affairs. This bill provided for a local referendum in Puerto Rico on the admission of the islands into the Union as a state.
On March 23, 1959, during the 1st Session of the 86th Congress, Popular Democratic Party Resident Commissioner Antonio Fernós-Isern of Puerto Rico (D-PR) introduced H.R. 5926 in the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. This bill provided amendments to “compact” adopted between the United States and Puerto Rico under the terms of the Commonwealth Constitution of Puerto Rico.
On January 3, 1900, during the 1st Session of the 56th Congress, Republican Senator Joseph B. Foraker of Ohio (R-OH) introduced S. 2016 in the Senate Committee on Pacific Islands and Puerto Rico. The bill was an organic or territorial act.
On January 24, 1900, during the 1st Session of the 56th Congress, Republican Senator Orville H.Platt of Connecticut (R-CT) introduced S.2264 in the Senate Committee on Pacific Islands and Puerto Rico. The bill was a proposed amendment to an organic or territorial act (Foraker Act).
During the 2nd Session of the 56th Congress, on February 24, 1900, Republican Representative Henry A. Cooper of Wisconsin (R-WI) introduced H.R.8878 in the House Committee on Insular Affairs. The bill was an organic or territorial act.
On February 8, 1900, during the 1st Session of the 56th Congress, Republican Representative Sereno E. Payne of New York (R-NY) introduced HR8245 in the House from the Committee of the White House on the State of the Union. The organic act imposed a 25% tariff on merchandize imported from Puerto Rico into the United States. This organic act treated Puerto Rico as a foreign country for constitutional purposes.
During the 1st Session of the 56th Congress, on January 22, 1900, Democrat Representative Robert
L. Henry of Texas (D-TX) introduced H.R. 7020 in the House Committee on Insular Affairs. The
bill was an organic or territorial act.
On January 8, 1900, during the 1st Session of the 56th Congress, Democratic Representative John F.
Lacey of Iowa (D-IA) introduced H.R. 5466 in the House Committee on Insular Areas. The bill was
an organic or territorial act.
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