Web cookies (also called HTTP cookies, browser cookies, or simply cookies) are small pieces of data that websites store on your device (computer, phone, etc.) through your web browser. They are used to remember information about you and your interactions with the site.
Purpose of Cookies:
Session Management:
Keeping you logged in
Remembering items in a shopping cart
Saving language or theme preferences
Personalization:
Tailoring content or ads based on your previous activity
Tracking & Analytics:
Monitoring browsing behavior for analytics or marketing purposes
Types of Cookies:
Session Cookies:
Temporary; deleted when you close your browser
Used for things like keeping you logged in during a single session
Persistent Cookies:
Stored on your device until they expire or are manually deleted
Used for remembering login credentials, settings, etc.
First-Party Cookies:
Set by the website you're visiting directly
Third-Party Cookies:
Set by other domains (usually advertisers) embedded in the website
Commonly used for tracking across multiple sites
Authentication cookies are a special type of web cookie used to identify and verify a user after they log in to a website or web application.
What They Do:
Once you log in to a site, the server creates an authentication cookie and sends it to your browser. This cookie:
Proves to the website that you're logged in
Prevents you from having to log in again on every page you visit
Can persist across sessions if you select "Remember me"
What's Inside an Authentication Cookie?
Typically, it contains:
A unique session ID (not your actual password)
Optional metadata (e.g., expiration time, security flags)
Analytics cookies are cookies used to collect data about how visitors interact with a website. Their primary purpose is to help website owners understand and improve user experience by analyzing things like:
How users navigate the site
Which pages are most/least visited
How long users stay on each page
What device, browser, or location the user is from
What They Track:
Some examples of data analytics cookies may collect:
Page views and time spent on pages
Click paths (how users move from page to page)
Bounce rate (users who leave without interacting)
User demographics (location, language, device)
Referring websites (how users arrived at the site)
Here’s how you can disable cookies in common browsers:
1. Google Chrome
Open Chrome and click the three vertical dots in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies and other site data.
Choose your preferred option:
Block all cookies (not recommended, can break most websites).
Block third-party cookies (can block ads and tracking cookies).
2. Mozilla Firefox
Open Firefox and click the three horizontal lines in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy & Security.
Under the Enhanced Tracking Protection section, choose Strict to block most cookies or Custom to manually choose which cookies to block.
3. Safari
Open Safari and click Safari in the top-left corner of the screen.
Go to Preferences > Privacy.
Check Block all cookies to stop all cookies, or select options to block third-party cookies.
4. Microsoft Edge
Open Edge and click the three horizontal dots in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy, search, and services > Cookies and site permissions.
Select your cookie settings from there, including blocking all cookies or blocking third-party cookies.
5. On Mobile (iOS/Android)
For Safari on iOS: Go to Settings > Safari > Privacy & Security > Block All Cookies.
For Chrome on Android: Open the app, tap the three dots, go to Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies.
Be Aware:
Disabling cookies can make your online experience more difficult. Some websites may not load properly, or you may be logged out frequently. Also, certain features may not work as expected.
On August 4, 1948, during the 2nd Session of the 80th Congress, American Laborite Representative Vito A. Marcantonio of New York (R-NY) introduced H.R. 7111 in the House Committee on Public Lands. This status bill provided for the withdrawal of sovereignty of the United States over the island of Puerto Rico and the recognition of its independence.
On September 30, 1994, during the 2nd Session of the 103rd Congress, Republican Representative Don E. Young of Alaska (R-AK) introduced H.Con.Res. 300 in the House Committee on Natural Resources. This resolution rejected the enhanced Commonwealth option.
On February 28, 2007, during the 1st Session of the 110th Congress, Democrat Representative Nydia M. Velazquez of New York (D-NY) introduced H.R. 1230 in the House Committee on Natural Resources. The bill recognized the right of the people of Puerto Rico to call a constitutional convention through which the people would exercise their natural right to self-determination and to establish a mechanism for congressional consideration of such decision.
On July 15, 2022, during the 2nd Session of the 117th Congress, Democrat Representative Raúl Grijalva of Arizona (D-AZ) introduced H.R. 8393 in the House Committee on Natural Resources. This bill enabled the people of Puerto Rico to choose a permanent, non-territorial, fully self-governing political status for Puerto Rico and to provide for a transition to and the implementation of that permanent, non-territorial, fully self-governing political status.
On March 30, 1977, during the 1st Session of the 95th Congress, Democrat Representative Roland V. Dellums of California (D-CA) introduced H.J. Res. 367 in the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. The status bill sought to provide independence for Puerto Rico.
On April 30, 1963, during the 1st Session of the 88th Congress, Popular Democrat Resident Commissioner Antonio Fernós-Isern of Puerto Rico (D-PR) introduced H.R. 5948 in the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. This bill sought to create a Commission on the Status of Puerto Rico to establish a procedure for the prompt settlement, in a democratic manner, of the political status of Puerto Rico.
On March 29, 1950, during the 2nd Session of the 81st Congress, Senator Joseph C. Mahoney of Wyoming (D-WY) introduced S. 3336 in the Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. This bill accompanied H.R. 7674 in the House. The bill became Public Law 81-600 and called for a local referendum to vote on the organization of a constitutional government for Puerto Rico.
During the 1st Session of the 68th Congress, on December 17, 1923, Democrat Resident Commissioner Felix C. Davila of Puerto Rico (D-PR) introduced H.R. 3910 in the House Committee on Insular Affairs. This bill was an organic or territorial act. S. 913 was its companion bill in the Senate.
On February 8, 1900, during the 1st Session of the 56th Congress, Republican Representative Sereno E. Payne of New York (R-NY) introduced HR8245 in the House from the Committee of the White House on the State of the Union. The organic act imposed a 25% tariff on merchandize imported from Puerto Rico into the United States. This organic act treated Puerto Rico as a foreign country for constitutional purposes.
During the 2nd Session of the 74th Congress, on April 23, 1936, Democrat Senator Millard E. Tydings of Maryland (D-MD) introduced S. 4529 in the Senate Committee on Territories and Insular Possessions. This bill authorized a status referendum on the question of Puerto Rican independence.