Web cookies (also called HTTP cookies, browser cookies, or simply cookies) are small pieces of data that websites store on your device (computer, phone, etc.) through your web browser. They are used to remember information about you and your interactions with the site.
Purpose of Cookies:
Session Management:
Keeping you logged in
Remembering items in a shopping cart
Saving language or theme preferences
Personalization:
Tailoring content or ads based on your previous activity
Tracking & Analytics:
Monitoring browsing behavior for analytics or marketing purposes
Types of Cookies:
Session Cookies:
Temporary; deleted when you close your browser
Used for things like keeping you logged in during a single session
Persistent Cookies:
Stored on your device until they expire or are manually deleted
Used for remembering login credentials, settings, etc.
First-Party Cookies:
Set by the website you're visiting directly
Third-Party Cookies:
Set by other domains (usually advertisers) embedded in the website
Commonly used for tracking across multiple sites
Authentication cookies are a special type of web cookie used to identify and verify a user after they log in to a website or web application.
What They Do:
Once you log in to a site, the server creates an authentication cookie and sends it to your browser. This cookie:
Proves to the website that you're logged in
Prevents you from having to log in again on every page you visit
Can persist across sessions if you select "Remember me"
What's Inside an Authentication Cookie?
Typically, it contains:
A unique session ID (not your actual password)
Optional metadata (e.g., expiration time, security flags)
Analytics cookies are cookies used to collect data about how visitors interact with a website. Their primary purpose is to help website owners understand and improve user experience by analyzing things like:
How users navigate the site
Which pages are most/least visited
How long users stay on each page
What device, browser, or location the user is from
What They Track:
Some examples of data analytics cookies may collect:
Page views and time spent on pages
Click paths (how users move from page to page)
Bounce rate (users who leave without interacting)
User demographics (location, language, device)
Referring websites (how users arrived at the site)
Here’s how you can disable cookies in common browsers:
1. Google Chrome
Open Chrome and click the three vertical dots in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies and other site data.
Choose your preferred option:
Block all cookies (not recommended, can break most websites).
Block third-party cookies (can block ads and tracking cookies).
2. Mozilla Firefox
Open Firefox and click the three horizontal lines in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy & Security.
Under the Enhanced Tracking Protection section, choose Strict to block most cookies or Custom to manually choose which cookies to block.
3. Safari
Open Safari and click Safari in the top-left corner of the screen.
Go to Preferences > Privacy.
Check Block all cookies to stop all cookies, or select options to block third-party cookies.
4. Microsoft Edge
Open Edge and click the three horizontal dots in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy, search, and services > Cookies and site permissions.
Select your cookie settings from there, including blocking all cookies or blocking third-party cookies.
5. On Mobile (iOS/Android)
For Safari on iOS: Go to Settings > Safari > Privacy & Security > Block All Cookies.
For Chrome on Android: Open the app, tap the three dots, go to Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies.
Be Aware:
Disabling cookies can make your online experience more difficult. Some websites may not load properly, or you may be logged out frequently. Also, certain features may not work as expected.
During the 1 st Session of the 74th Congress, on January 3, 1935, Democrat and Socialist member of the conservative Coalición, Resident Commissioner Santiago Iglesias of Puerto Rico (D/Coalición-PR) introduced H.R. 1394 in the House Committee on the Territories. The status bill enabled Puerto Rican electors to form a territorial constitution and subsequent statehood.
On April 24, 1947, during the 1st Session of the 80th Congress, Democrat Senator Millard E.Tydings of Maryland (D-MD) introduced S. 1158 in the Senate Committee on Public Lands. H.R. 4404 accompanied this bill in the House. This status bill provided for the withdrawal of sovereignty of the United States over the island of Puerto Rico and the recognition of its independence.
On August 19, 1994, during the 2nd Session of the 103rd Congress, Democrat Representative Robert Torricelli of New Jersey (D-NJ) introduced H.R. 5005 in the House Committee on Natural Resources. This bill called for periodic status plebiscites in the United States territories and required congressional notification of the executive branch actions impacting the status of United States territories.
On April 26, 2006, during the 2nd Session of the 190th Congress, Republican Senator Mel Martinez of Florida (R-FL) introduced S. 2661 in the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. This bill provided for a plebiscite in Puerto Rico on the status of Puerto Rico.
On March 18, 2021, during the 1st Session of the 117th Congress, Democrat Representative Nydia M. Velazquez from New York (D-NY) introduced H.R. 2070 (accompanied by S. 865 in the Senate) in the House Committee on Natural Resources. This bill recognized the right of the people of Puerto Rico to call a status convention through which the people would exercise their natural right to self-determination, and to establish a mechanism for congressional consideration of such decision.
On January 4, 1977, during the 1st Session of the 95th Congress, Democrat Representative Roland V. Dellums of California (D-CA) introduced H.J. Res. 54 in the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. The status bill sought to provide independence for Puerto Rico.
On October 11, 1966, during the 2nd Session of the 89th Congress, Republican Representative Seymour Halpern of New York (R-NY) introduced H.R. 18277 in the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. This status bill sought to provide the admission of Puerto Rico into the Union, on an equal footing with the original states.
Public Law 81-60 was enacted on July 3, 1950, during the 2nd Session of the 81st Congress. Public Law 81-600 authorized a local referendum creating a constitutional convention that would become responsible for drafting a Puerto Rican Constitution. The final authorization of the Puerto Rican Constitution was contingent on Congress’ approval.
During the 1st Session of the 68th Congress, on December 10, 1923, Democrat Senator William H. King of Utah (D-UT) introduced S. 913 in the Senate Committee on Territories and Insular Possessions. This bill was an organic or territorial act. H.R. 3910 was its companion bill in the House.
On January 24, 1900, during the 1st Session of the 56th Congress, Republican Senator Orville H.Platt of Connecticut (R-CT) introduced S.2264 in the Senate Committee on Pacific Islands and Puerto Rico. The bill was a proposed amendment to an organic or territorial act (Foraker Act).
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