Web cookies (also called HTTP cookies, browser cookies, or simply cookies) are small pieces of data that websites store on your device (computer, phone, etc.) through your web browser. They are used to remember information about you and your interactions with the site.
Purpose of Cookies:
Session Management:
Keeping you logged in
Remembering items in a shopping cart
Saving language or theme preferences
Personalization:
Tailoring content or ads based on your previous activity
Tracking & Analytics:
Monitoring browsing behavior for analytics or marketing purposes
Types of Cookies:
Session Cookies:
Temporary; deleted when you close your browser
Used for things like keeping you logged in during a single session
Persistent Cookies:
Stored on your device until they expire or are manually deleted
Used for remembering login credentials, settings, etc.
First-Party Cookies:
Set by the website you're visiting directly
Third-Party Cookies:
Set by other domains (usually advertisers) embedded in the website
Commonly used for tracking across multiple sites
Authentication cookies are a special type of web cookie used to identify and verify a user after they log in to a website or web application.
What They Do:
Once you log in to a site, the server creates an authentication cookie and sends it to your browser. This cookie:
Proves to the website that you're logged in
Prevents you from having to log in again on every page you visit
Can persist across sessions if you select "Remember me"
What's Inside an Authentication Cookie?
Typically, it contains:
A unique session ID (not your actual password)
Optional metadata (e.g., expiration time, security flags)
Analytics cookies are cookies used to collect data about how visitors interact with a website. Their primary purpose is to help website owners understand and improve user experience by analyzing things like:
How users navigate the site
Which pages are most/least visited
How long users stay on each page
What device, browser, or location the user is from
What They Track:
Some examples of data analytics cookies may collect:
Page views and time spent on pages
Click paths (how users move from page to page)
Bounce rate (users who leave without interacting)
User demographics (location, language, device)
Referring websites (how users arrived at the site)
Here’s how you can disable cookies in common browsers:
1. Google Chrome
Open Chrome and click the three vertical dots in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies and other site data.
Choose your preferred option:
Block all cookies (not recommended, can break most websites).
Block third-party cookies (can block ads and tracking cookies).
2. Mozilla Firefox
Open Firefox and click the three horizontal lines in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy & Security.
Under the Enhanced Tracking Protection section, choose Strict to block most cookies or Custom to manually choose which cookies to block.
3. Safari
Open Safari and click Safari in the top-left corner of the screen.
Go to Preferences > Privacy.
Check Block all cookies to stop all cookies, or select options to block third-party cookies.
4. Microsoft Edge
Open Edge and click the three horizontal dots in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy, search, and services > Cookies and site permissions.
Select your cookie settings from there, including blocking all cookies or blocking third-party cookies.
5. On Mobile (iOS/Android)
For Safari on iOS: Go to Settings > Safari > Privacy & Security > Block All Cookies.
For Chrome on Android: Open the app, tap the three dots, go to Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies.
Be Aware:
Disabling cookies can make your online experience more difficult. Some websites may not load properly, or you may be logged out frequently. Also, certain features may not work as expected.
On January 3, 1991, during the 1st Session of the 102nd Congress, Democrat Delegate Ron de Lugo from the U.S. Virgin Islands (D-USVI) introduced H.R. 316 in the House Committees on Interior and Insular Affairs and Rules. This legislation authorized an island wide plebiscitary vote on multiple status options for Puerto Rico.
On June 26, 2000, during the 2nd Session of the 106th Congress, Republican Representative John T Doolittle of California (R-CA) introduced H.R. 4751 in the Committee on Resources. This bill recognized the entry of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico into a permanent union with the United States.
On February 7, 2017, during the 1st Session of the 115th Congress, Democrat Representative Luis V. Gutiérrez of Illinois (D-IL) introduced H.R. 900 in the House Committee on Natural Resources. This bill recognized Puerto Rico’s sovereign nationhood either under independence or free association and provided a transition process.
On March 25, 1981, during the 1st Session of the 97th Congress, Democrat Representative Roland V. Dellums of California (D-CA) introduced H.J.Res. 215 in the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. The resolution affirmed the right to self-determination and the decolonization of Puerto Rico.
On September 22, 1966, during the 2nd Session of the 89th Congress, Democrat Representative Hugh L. Carey from New York (D-NY) introduced H.R. 17920 in the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. This status bill sought to provide the admission of Puerto Rico into the Union, on an equal footing with the original states.
On March 26, 1945, during the 1st Session of the 79th Congress, American Laborite Representative Vito A. Marcantonio of New York (R-NY) introduced H.R. 2781 in the House Committee on Insular Affairs. This status bill provided for Puerto Rico’s independence.
On May 21, 1959, during the 1st Session of the 86th Congress, Democrat Senator James E. Murray of Montana (D-MT) introduced S. 2023 in the Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. This bill provided amendments to “compact” adopted between the United States and Puerto Rico under the terms of the Commonwealth Constitution of Puerto Rico.
During the 2nd Session of the 67th Congress, on February 10, 1922, Democrat Senator William H. King of Utah (D-UT) introduced S. 3137 in the Senate Committee on Territories and Insular Possessions. This was a status bill. H.R.9995 was its companion bill in the House.
On April 2, 1943, during the 1st Session of the 78th Congress, Democrat Senator Millard E. Tydings of Maryland (D-MD) introduced S. 952 in the Senate Committee on Territories and Insular Affairs. This bill called for the withdrawal of sovereignty and the recognition of Puerto Rico’s independence.
On January 23, 1991, during the 1st Session of the 102nd Congress, Democrat Senator John B. Johnston of Louisiana (D-LA) introduced S. 244 in the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. This legislation authorized an island wide plebiscitary vote on multiple status options for Puerto Rico.
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